exoticism in translation

Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. Exoticism definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary The encounter with the exotic Other has traditionally been imagined as a re-awakening of the senses that have been dulled by the repetitive humdrum of modernity (cf. 27 Apr. One moose, two moose. Encyclopedia.com. You can email a link to this page to a colleague or librarian: The link was not copied. 295 0 obj Mitigating gender bias in machine translation: adapt, then correct Typographic Calque This occurs when typographical conventions that exist only in the source language are transferred to the new language. A Recently Discovered Painting by Willlem de Poorter, From Painting Performances to Performing Paintings. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Likewise, we only need to consider Apichatpong Weerasethakuls films, whose radical alterity makes them extremely enigmatic, if not utterly perplexing for global audiences, to appreciate that they lack two essential characteristics of exoticism: firstly, their extreme Otherness precludes domestication, that is, integration into a familiar system of aesthetic and conceptual reference points and, secondly, they are largely devoid of the visual and sensuous allure that is a hallmark of exotic cinema. Experience the exoticism of the Medina of Marrakech. I seek to show that through vision and touch, and the proximity of objects to bodies in domestic environments, goods from all over the world become part of the material culture of the seventeenth-century Netherlands. Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism. Chinese intellectuals are in a stupor, remain aphasic, and are unable to speak and pass judgment on the works of their own country. Realist Cinema as World Cinema: Non-Cinema, Intermedial Passages, Total Cinema. Halle, Randall (2010). In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. by Erik Hinterding and Jaco Rutgers, Rubens and the bird of paradise. 1. As exotic goods and materials become part of the domestic environment, global goods gain local meanings, and simultaneously bestow new layers of meaning on the material culture of the early modern Netherlands. This is, however, not to say that all exotic films substitute glossy surfaces for deep meaning, thereby effectively compensating for the hermeneutic deficit that may arise when world cinema travels. Learn a new word every day. 2. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. exoticism definition | Cambridge Dictionary 2023 . Foreignisation and resistance: Lawrence Venuti and his critics It really depends. Introduction. 4655. I am, of course, not suggesting that all world cinema filmmakers perform exoticism. (PDF) The translation of culturally specific items - ResearchGate Durham and London: Duke University Press. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. endobj Jameson, Fredric (1986). Journal of Historical Geography 29 (4), pp. Museum Rietberg. Dynamic pace and action are replaced by an eerie stillness and languorous observational distance. Una experiencia donde el exotismo y la pasin hablan el mismo lenguaje. They expect world cinema filmmakers to continue the tradition of Third Cinema and use their films as platforms of postcolonial resistance, instead of becoming complicit in exoticising their own culture, even if this entails potentially forsaking critical or commercial success. 1640. If we conceive of world cinema and its transnational exhibition on the film festival circuit (and beyond) as such a contact zone then the interactive exchange occurring in this space is, on the one hand, the expectation of metropolitan audiences to encounter a particular kind of world cinema that corresponds to their exotic fantasies of Other cultures and, on the other hand, the creation of autoethnographic texts, that is, films made by non-Western filmmakers which appropriate the idioms of metropolitan representation (Pratt, 1992: 7). The Guardian, 21 January. 316 0 obj Exoticism in Spanish | English to Spanish Translation - SpanishDict These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. For example, Mira Nairs films Salaam Bombay! London and New York: Routledge. . 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. 131. The word exotic was first introduced into the English language in 1599, meaning alien, introduced from abroad, not indigenous. This imaginary, however, dates back much further. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. It is precisely these perceived Oriental qualities [] that separate Chinese and Western audience preferences for Zhangs films and Gong Lis images (Reynaud cited in Lu, 1997: 126). Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, it proposes that the exotic gaze is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. And, to end with yet another disclaimer, I may have conveyed the impression that contemporary world cinema merely recycles the exotic iconography and narrative tropes of the past without actually innovating the aesthetic paradigm and its ideological trajectory. ." Birus, Hendrik (2004). The Assassin: Cannes Review. The key conception here is the introduction of the exotic from abroad into a domestic economy (Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin, 2000: 94). endobj You can subscribe via RSS 2.0 feed to this post's comments. Westerners, along with a westernized global elite, interact with one another against the background of scenery that refrains from challenging their privileges and supposed superiority. The Five Concepts Of Cultural Transposition | ipl.org ), Budapest, 2014. I think it depends on the context and situation. It is not suitable for many language pairs . Fantasy, mans capacity to give to airy nothing a local habitation and a name, has long intrigued poets, playwrights, and painters, ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY. ^?T{3. The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment, and the Senses. White Western writers, painters and filmmakers have equally partaken in the process of cultural translation by making foreign people, their cultures and traditions as well as ethnic minorities within their own national or cultural sphere. Lost in Translation. c}_i_3F)16=j. 1. a tendency to adopt what is exotic. What does exoticism mean? I would like to here. Send us feedback about these examples. Terms and Conditions |Privacy Statement | Cookie Settings |Accessibility | Legal Notice. xZr}WSj*n@o8N$Xm^R>#V.=Z*^f14O ~8:m.ng#/t75 r#fh!3R6b41B{)cP;[%f-u s.Qy']y30&>J;e3ocQ5w5#Nka\TYZ?}uZH6 wg]ls^Zmm International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Although exoticism is associated with notions of animality, it carefully distances itself from the violence and exploitation that characterize the related concept of barbarism. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. What is "exoticism" in translation ? | John4german's Blog The Fascination of Persia. I should like to thank Montage av: Zeitschrift fr Theorie und Geschichte audiovisueller Medien for granting me permission to publish my article Exotismus im World Cinema und die transnationale Rezeption, originally published in German in issue 28 (1) (2019), pp. In contrast to other scholars, who harshly criticise certain world cinema filmmakers for becoming complicit in Western cross-cultural modes of representation, such as exoticism and Orientalism, when making films about their own cultures, Chow regards it as the inevitable consequence of bearing the memory of past objecthood the experience of being looked at which lives on in the subjective act of ethnographizing like an other, an optical unconscious (Chow, 1995: 180). Although the encounter with the strange and unfamiliar is one of the principal fascinations that world cinema affords transnational audiences, it invariably triggers the reflex to recover the strange as familiar (Nichols, 1994: 18), or to use the term I introduced in relation to the exotic, to domesticate it. The aim of this study is to investigate translation from the perspective of those who employ translators by analyzing a database of job advertisements for a variety of translation-related. 321 0 obj rogerebert.com 27 March. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. La Isla de Borneo evoca un poderoso exotismo. According to David Damrosch (2003: 175), works become world literature by being received into the space of a foreign culture, a space defined in many ways by the host cultures national tradition and the present needs of its own writers. Rather than conceiving of world literature as a canon of foreign literary masterpieces, Damrosch describes it as a mode of transnational circulation and reception that gains in translation. Exh.cat. Lu, Sheldon Hsiao-peng (1997). In: Lcia, Nagib, Chris, Perriam and Rajinder, Dudrah, eds., Theorizing World Cinema. It thus follows that, the exotic is not [] an inherent quality to be found in certain people, distinctive objects or specific places (Huggan, 2001: 13), but instead denotes a particular perception of cultural difference that arises from the encounter with foreign cultures, landscapes, animals, people and their customs that are either geographically remote or taken out of their original context and absorbed into a home culture, essentialized, simplified and domesticated (Forsdick, 2003: 48). What is Calque (or Loan Translation) | BLEND Blog Loosely plotted around one of Disneylands hoariest theme-park rides (which, even after recent updates, still teems with faux savagery and denatured, Her affinity for combining chinoiserie, Moghul-style flowers, and Provenal accents surfaces subtly, giving the rooms a whiff of, Bhutan has often been ranked as one of the worlds happiest countries, and WeCroak seems to be trading on a casual, Puertas assemblages, with their fake tropical greenery, faux fur, lace, rhinestones and sexualized forms, represent the, There's no trace of her Asian background or even the, For decades, Bollywood movies, at least when they were released here, had an undeniable, The earliest pictures here, dating from the 19th century and taken of Indigenous North Americans by non-Native photographers, emphasize. Kabbani, Rana. Yet rather than challenging the unequal power hierarchies implied in the ethnographers act of looking, in which non-Western cultures are invariably the object of the gaze, Fifth Generation Chinese filmmakers actively replicate the state of being looked at in their films (Chow, 1995: 180). For a theorisation of global art cinema, cf. This is assessed in light of criticism of his approach from other translation . In: Rosalind, Galt and Karl, Schoonover, eds., Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories. Similarly, exoticism, though a prevalent interpretative model in the transnational reception of world cinema, competes with other ones, such as those which, indebted to Fredric Jamesons influential but controversial essay Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism (1986), conceive of world cinema in terms of national (or political) allegory. 6588. It is worth emphasising that cultural translation shapes world cinema at every single stage. Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). The widowed Mr Chu prepares elaborate banquets for his three daughters in Eat Drink Man Woman. Guha, Ranajit, ed. Persian Art and the Crafting of Polish Identity. 1839, in English. The chief attraction which both world literature and world cinema hold for their recipients is the promise of offering windows onto foreign worlds that are (imagined as) profoundly different from the West (cf. Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism. In: Goethezeitportal [http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf]. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. In fact, Nichols compares the festivalgoers experience with that of an anthropological fieldworker (and tourist), who becomes submerged in an experience of difference, entering strange worlds, hearing unfamiliar languages, witnessing unusual styles (Nichols, 1994: 17). Coconut trees and torrid skies. Taking our cue from Al-Najjar (1989), the paper shows that employing Arabicisation can be through (1) loanword in which traits of exoticism are observed in Arabic; (2) loanblend: a hybrid form of the translated item consisting of two parts, one belongs to the Source Language (SL) and another belongs to the Target Language (TL); (3) translation . One had to make a decision to be loyal to the author of the text, or to be loyal to the reader. When the concepts and structure of the source text can be easily translated into the target language, direct translation techniques are usually used. It constantly signals the exotic source culture and its cultural strangeness. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. endobj It has been deeply entrenched in the European imaginary of the Orient ever since Pierre Loti conflated exoticism and eroticism and his immensely popular novel Madame Chrysanthme (1887) inspired Giacomo Puccinis opera Madama Butterfly (1904) and served as a template of Asian femininity in the popular imagination of the West (cf. 202-233. The Hollywood Reporter, Performing Exoticism, Autoethnography and Cultural Translation, http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/the-assassin-review-captivatingly-hypnotic-if-impenetrable-wuxia-tale, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/raise-the-red-lantern-1992, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267, https://doi.org/10.1163/26659891-01020001. To be sure, in addition to their visual allure, the exoticism of Raise the Red Lantern and several other of Zhangs films also rests on established narrative tropes, notably that of the exotic-erotic-enigmatic Asian woman, frequently represented as a concubine, geisha, prostitute or simply the suffering wife of a much older oppressive husband. Pratt, Mary Louise (1992). (PDF) Language ideology and the presence of calques in Romanian 49 0 obj Exoticism demonstrates itself in colorful spectacles of otherness purporting to be an unmediated expression of natural drives and instincts. Against this background, contemporary world cinema and the global film festival circuit, its prime site of exhibition, can be understood as a new type of contact zone, which Mary Louise Pratt has famously theorised in the colonial context as the intercultural space of symbolic exchange and transculturation, catering for cosmopolitan cinephiles and their interest in cultural difference. Nevertheless, it would be wrong to assume that world cinema per se is decoded as exotic. 2001. The Velvet Light Trap,50, pp. <> The Island of Borneo evokes a powerful exoticism. Raise the Red Lantern Review. In Defence of Exoticism: Rescuing the Literary Imagination. The visual pleasure afforded by exotic spectacle is arguably the chief vehicle that allows world cinema to travel and be understood, or misunderstood, as the case may be, by cultural outsiders who are potentially disadvantaged by a hermeneutic deficit of culturally specific knowledge when trying to understand films from elsewhere. ORIENTALISM . Discovering Form, Inferring Meaning: New Cinemas and the Film Festival Circuit. Ungarn Jahrbuch. Questions addressed include: Did Rembrandt really hire Van Vliet as his printmaker, like Rubens hired Vorster-man, Pontius and others? Ethnic Food Fetishism, Whiteness, and Nostalgia in Recent Film and Television. However, I did not fully identify what that means. By contrast, Western audiences and critics were enthralled by this exotic spectacle which Zhang masterfully manufactured for the pleasure and gaze of the Western viewer (Lu, 1997: 126). Exoticism in translation refers to using words or phrases which sound "exotic" in the translated language, because they are of foreign origin. Monstrous Ethiopians? Racial Attitudes and Exoticism in the Old English What does exoticism mean? Translated texts using exoticism often use cultural and grammatical aspects taken straight from source texts. On the film festival circuit, Hou won the award for Best Director at Cannes, amongst numerous other awards, and The Assassin was voted Best Film of 2015 in Sight & Sound magazines film critics poll. Film Quarterly,47 (3), pp. Exoticism, as a cultural phenomenon, has mainly been examined via related critical concepts. Ebert, Roger (1992). In other words, the transnational dimension inherent in the concept of world cinema is constituted in the process of reception, as a film moves outside its own national sphere into another one. At the same time, this incomplete understanding of the films deeper layers of meaning adds a residue of enigma and mystery. Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. Such easily affordable, popular publications, in their turn, further reduced cultural otherness to a matter of costume, which, among other things, suggested that supposedly primitive natives of, for example, Australia could be forced to abjure their traditional identity merely by donning the clothes of a European gentleman. <> "Exoticism It also applies to the various mechanisms of transnational film funding and co-production, circulation and distribution, since the selection procedures involved tend to privilege a particular type of global art cinema that promises to appeal to (metropolitan) cinephiles (cf. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Huggan, Graham. 33. Marks, Laura U. Get ready with Test&Train, the online practice tool from Cambridge.Build your confidence with hundreds of exam questions with hints, tips and instant feedback. Framegrab. The Chinese Exotic: Modern Diasporic Femininity. Mediating Netherlandish Art and Material Culture in Asia, Golahny, Amy: Rembrandt and everyday life: the fusion of genre and history.. It begins, if we agree with Chow, with filmmakers internalisation of the exotic gaze or, alternatively, their strategic performance of exotic Otherness to satisfy the expectations of Western critics, festival juries and audiences. Segalen, 2002: 61). These features jointly contribute to the films impenetrability which, in turn, engenders a sense of enigma that amplifies its exotic allure by confirming the belief that the Other can never be fully fathomed. Furthermore, as defendants of cultural translation have argued, such hermeneutic collisions and reconfigurations are actually highly productive interactions that bring about cultural innovation, provided that the power differentials are not too extreme (Papastergiadis, 2011: 7). exoticism in American English. For instance, if I were translating the classic VW advertising text from the early 1990s, I might leave the German term for "the joy of driving" in German: "Fahrvergngen". Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. E-Book Collections Title Lists and MARC Records, Latest Financial Press Releases and Reports. Situating World Cinema as a Theoretical Problem. Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge. . Cultural Translation The demand of the nineteenth century for information about non-European peoples gave rise to numerous cheap reproductions of ethnographic drawings. Literal translation is your straightforward word-for-word translation. Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, 14, pp. History endobj Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Claudia Swan Art History Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding Chapter Overview APA . In: Rosalind, Galt and Karl, Schoonover, eds., Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories. Vibrant colours, ancient rituals and traditions (both real or invented), a sense of pastness or primitive backwardness in relation to the progressive West, iconic costumes like the loincloth, the sari or the cheongsam that essentialise cultural identities, topographies like the South Sea islands or the Amazonian rainforest, waterscapes covered in carpets of floating lotus flowers or bustling street markets, sensuality, lushness and abundance and a sense of enigma and mystery are all, in varying degrees and combinations, essential ingredients of exoticism. endobj Rony, Fatimah Tobing (1996). Island Dreaming: The Contemplation of Polynesian Paradise. Translated and edited by Yal, Rachel Schlick. Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? ), The Ashgate Research Companion to Dutch Art of the Seventeenth Century, London 2016, pp. Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Claudia Swan Whilecontent andlanguageformacertain unityinthe original,like afruit andits skin,the languageofthe translationenvelopsits content likearoyal robe with amplefolds.For it signifiesamoreexalted languagethan itsown andthusremains unsuited to itscontent, overpowering andalien. 3. anything exotic, as a foreign word or idiom. Change). Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. He was following in the footsteps of the painter Paul Gauguin, whose colourful paintings of semi-nude Polynesian women against the backdrop of lush tropical scenery have shaped the Western imagination of the Polynesian islands. To try and prevent the disjunctures arising when cultural outsiders attempt to understand and analyse world cinema is impossible. exoticism in Traditional Chinese - Cambridge Dictionary Segalen, Victor (2002). order to break the drawn-out silence, the Niouki summarized the stages that, according to her, post-exoticism had passed through since Minor Angels, Maria Clementi's first romnce, written in 1977. 309 0 obj However, most critics and scholars, especially in the West, see things differently and assume the position of moral gatekeepers. 265275. The most critically acclaimed examples of global art cinema demonstrate that an aesthetics of sensuous indulgence, which combines visual pleasure with haptic visuality, effectively compensates for the hermeneutic deficit that occurs when films are watched across borders. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. SEE ALSO Cannibalism; Enlightenment; Gaze, Colonial; Gaze, The; Orientalism; Other, The; Prostitution; Sexuality; Stare, The; Stereotypes; Tourism; Travel and Travel Writing; White Supremacy. Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art 66 (2016), Rembrandt and the Emergence of the Leiden Art Market, Tracing a Pose: Govert Flinck and the Emergence of the Van Dyckian Mode of Portraiture in Amsterdam, SWAN Review CAA Netherlandish Art in Its Global Context and Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India 20191218, Netherlandish Art and the World: A Conference on Global Art History, Utrecht, 25-27 October 2018, Allegory as Historical Method, or the Similarities between Amsterdam and Albania Reading Simon Gikandi's Slavery and the Culture of Taste, Rembrandt's Religious Paintings from 1630s, The Speelman Fellowship and Netherlandish Art in Cambridge, 'Defenders of the Image. "Post-Exoticism in Ten Lessons: Lesson Eleven" by Antoine Volodine [A Find a translation for the exoticism definition in other languages: Select another language: - Select - (Chinese - Simplified) (Chinese - Traditional) Espaol (Spanish) Saids study of Europes most enduring exotic fantasies about the Middle East set the beginning for other postcolonial interrogations of romanticized projections of the cultural other by which the West continues to assert its superiority. Vermeers Robe: Costume, Commerce, and Fantasy in the Early Modern Netherlands. Dutch Crossing 35 (2011), 17795. This is certainly not the case. Sight & Sound, February, p. 68. Framegrab. When I was studying at university in Germany (Germersheim), my professors often emphasized this point. The Persian-European Dialogue in Seventeenth-Century Art & Contemporary Art of Teheran, Rembrandt and everyday life: the fusion of genre and history, in Arthur J. DiFuria, ed., Genre Imagery in Early Modern Northern Europe: New Perspectives, London and New York: Routledge: An Ashgate Book, 2016, 161-182. Moreover, its transnational appeal is usually part of a deliberate strategy which non-Western filmmakers deploy to pander to the tastes and expectations of Western critics and audiences. Tannese children and the star-crossed lovers frolicking amid ferns and fronds and a native heralding a call to all villagers on conch shell are further references to what can be regarded as the cinematic Urtext of the South Sea genre (cf. The fact that Tanna as well as Embrace of the Serpent, which is set in the Amazon, were made in collaboration with Indigenous communities, who are credited with being the chief creative impetus and co-creators of these films, makes them not only politically correct but, arguably, also examples of self-exoticisation. Connell, John (2003). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. <> Realism of the Senses in World Cinema: The Experience of Physical Reality. Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge. Kaplan, E. Ann (1997). London and New York: Routledge. Leiden circa 1630: Rembrandt Emerges, (Agnes Ethering Art Centre, Kingston ON; Art Gallery of Alberta, Edmonton AB; MacKenzie Gallery, Regina SK; Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton ON; Vereniging van Nederlandse Kunsthistorici, Saul in Story and Tradition (Series Forschungen Zum Alten Testament), Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art vol. Katrien Lichtert, Christopher D M Atkins, Erik Verroken, Anne-Laure Van Bruaene, Angela Jager, Martine Vanwelden.

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