social issues in south asia

Figure 4 draws on three datasets on political violence in Pakistan over time.4 While they examine somewhat different definitions of violence, and all of the crucial caveats about data quality outlined above for India hold for Pakistan as well, the basic trend of sharply decreasing fatalities in political violence over the last decade is consistent across them. The collectivist nature of South Asian culture can feel comforting and supportive with close-knit family ties and a sense of connection to something larger than the self. Kazakhstan used the inaugural games to showcase its national heritage and historic connection to the land just one week after Russian President Vladimir Putin insinuated that the former Soviet Republic should never have become an independent country. Its constitution recognizes twenty-two languages, and its population is bigger than Africas. This report intends to capture the current state of play of the global water justice movement in order to strengthen struggles for public and community water systems. But there are downsides too. 0000033910 00000 n -- Volume 25, Number 2, October 2010, Editorial Board The number is even highertwo-thirds of all school-aged girlsin Afghanistan, where 83 percent of women are illiterate. Nature-Society relations provide the foundation for social, economic, political, and environmental problems. 6 Environmental Challenges Facing Southeast Asia 0000002827 00000 n Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan have three of the worlds four largest Muslim populations. The legal system grants substantial latitude to internal security forces, which limits checks on state power, and informal practices add to this autonomy. Pakistan is reported at factor cost. Nevertheless, a large security presence has been established in Tamil areas, justified by the specter of resurgent revolt, and state forces have not been held accountable for past human rights abuses. Growing poverty, high illiteracy, a crisis in governance and threats to human security are issues of growing concern in South Asia. State police forces have been built up in conflict areas, fueled in part by infusions of resources from the central government. Database searches were conducted in eight electronic databases. When it comes to dating, cultural expectations of South Asian families can conflict with western norms. HTMk1tFO(cIJc% -- Volume 32, Number 2, July 2017, Editorial Board Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent this year - a downward revision of 1 percentage point from the forecast made in June. The Assam Rifles (AR), a specialized force in the Northeast, has grown much more modestly but still expanded. Nowhere is this trend clearer than in language. The return of tourism is helping to drive growth in Maldives, and to a lesser extent in Nepalboth of which have dynamic services sectors. Second, the increasingly volatile international politics of the region may provide new incentives for governments to support armed groups across borders, tapping into preexisting conflicts and grievances. 0000033263 00000 n Since 1965, when U.S. immigration laws replaced a national quota system, the number of immigrants living in the U.S. has more than quadrupled. It also helps adjust to shocks such as climate events to which South Asias rural poor are particularly vulnerable, said Hans Timmer, World Bank Chief Economist for South Asia. 0000001283 00000 n World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. The same is true of the internal security buildup, both in terms of funding and MHA force sizes, as well as the policies toward both the Northeast and Naxalite-influenced areas. There is not a clear partisan dynamic in these changes. While there is a heavy security force presence in the region, there has also been space for long-running ceasefires and negotiations that reduce violence even when they do not fully resolve contested political issues. Poverty rates among U.S.-born and foreign-born Asians were 9% and 11%, respectively, that year. These simmering conflicts can always increase in intensity if underlying political conflicts endure. Pandemics, sudden swings in global liquidity and commodity prices, and extreme weather disasters were once tail-end risks. From the viewpoint of economics, the high population growth in South Asia has slowed down economic growth, increased the foreign trade imblance, and worsened After devastating climate-change-fueled floods submerged one-third of the country this year, itsoutlook remains subject to significant uncertainty. A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda. -- Volume 24, Number 2, October 2009, Editorial Board wL/O0jG&rR>w y]YO_W! ;Kw6A?KFkdfA&A67iug!~W\?mnbydk1KS1YQzsL0]|m Other film industries include Tollywood for Telugu-language films and Sandalwood for Kannada-language films. Geopolitical stability and regional relationships Children of South Asian immigrants may face challenges associated with the pressure of straddling two different worlds. Challenging South Asias Toxic Patriarchy Through Podcasts 0000002289 00000 n There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, -- Volume 33, Number 1, March 2018, Editorial Board Bangladesh provided support for insurgents in the past, but the Awami League government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has been fairly friendly to India. Annika and Nehal from the That Desi Spark podcast formerly known as The Woke Desi say they began their -- Volume 33, Number 2, July 2018, Editorial Board Political Violence in South Asia: The Triumph of the State? There is a strong need for culturally sound therapy. Some may still follow through with their desires in secrecy, but live in a constant fear of being found out. South Asia Its home to 1.3 billion people and has twenty-two official regional languages. This has not been a seamless process, and there have been various forms of political violence and conflict since the end of the civil war, but the war has nevertheless decisively ended. Traditional and Non-Traditional Security Threats to South Asia -- Volume 31, Number 3, November 2016, Editorial Board In the Global South there is a huge research gap in linking the social movements and power dynamics within the societies. All rights reserved. (Clockwise starting from top left) Keystone/Getty Images, Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images, AFP/GettyImages, Eric Piper/Getty Images, How the World Works and Sometimes Doesnt, Return to -- Volume 36, Number 2, July 2021, Editorial Board How Do Californias Asian Americans View U.S. Foreign Policy? Breakdown or factionalization within the regime could trigger intense instability. endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA-FR. Areas of special concern are ethnicity, religion, urbanization, migration, and development. Despite having a long historical background, critics suggest that the social movements are increasingly contested with identity politics and agrarian issues. =rJub^#ivFackYh}QY?M The World Banks development updates for Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were also released today. Another major source of political violence in Pakistan was militarized electoral competition in Karachi, where the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM)an armed political party with a strong base among ethnic Muhajirshad been a crucial presence in the city since the 1980s. The second factor in reducing insurgent violence has been Indias effective use of ceasefires, demobilization deals, and amnesties in the Northeast to peel off and demobilize insurgent factions. Secondly, policymakers can de-risk migration through several means including more flexible visa policies, mechanisms to support migrant workers during shocks, and social protection programs. 0000003857 00000 n Others may comply with the expectations required of them, but at the cost of losing their sense of self, their self-concept. -- Volume 29, Number 2, July 2014, Editorial Board In parts of Pakistan, nearly one-third of all primary schoolaged girls are not in school. In Sri Lanka, the period of victory over the LTTE and its aftermath saw autocratization under the rule of the Rajapaksa family, a trend that changed when a new government came to power in 2015. Issues like water scarcity, poverty, food insecurity, resource depletion, climate change, environmental degradation, inadequacy of health services, and so forth directly affect millions of South Asians. 92 0 obj <>stream Figure 1 below shows fatality data from the nongovernmental South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), and Figure 2 shows official Indian government data from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).2. This site uses cookies to optimize functionality and give you the best possible experience. WebSocial and political issues LGBT communities. The major insurgencies in India have seen a downward trend in lethal violence; the TTP has been badly degraded; the Tamil Tigers have been destroyed; Nepals Maoists have been incorporated into a new Nepali political system; and Bangladeshs descent into competitive authoritarianism has been grimly accompanied by a reduction in direct anti-state violence.1. 0000002992 00000 n Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Chinese support for insurgents in the Northeast, meanwhile, dropped off dramatically in the 1970s and 1980s. Key findings about This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Unlike other regions of the world, many of South Asias most powerful leaders have been and are women; however, a majority of these women come from political dynasties. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. Nevertheless, the homeownership rate is on the rise among Asian Americans, increasing from 53% in 2000 to 59% in 2019. India and the international community have put sustained pressure on Pakistan to reduce its support for militants and terrorists. And Nepal has reduced its maternal mortality by more than 70 percent since 1990 through government and donor-supported investments in education, free child-delivery services, and improvements to road infrastructure, which allow mothers to more easily reach health clinics in the mountains and hills. Get the latest news from World101, including teaching resources and special offers. Sharing part of this critique, the paper argues that the social movement has been undergone with the formation of contested domain of polity incorporating the previously neglected issues of poverty, inequality and marginalization. WebThe problems of the South Asian region are different from those in the developed world. Both separatist and revolutionary insurgencies presented serious challenges in India; Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), also known as the Pakistani Taliban, rose with frightening speed to challenge a long-complacent Pakistani security establishment; Maoist insurgents mobilized against the Nepali government; the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE; Tamil Tigers) carved out a de facto state in northern Sri Lanka; and some predicted a rising violent Islamist tide in Bangladesh. Yet violence appears to have declined, with the caveat that security force operations are opaque. But all three have arrived in rapid succession over the past two years and are testing South Asias economies, said Martin Raiser, World Bank Vice President for South Asia. Social and Political Issues in South Asia Final Version Jan 29 Anti-India armed groups are alleged to still operate on Pakistani soil, the Afghan Taliban has consistently used sanctuary along the Afghan border, and localized armed actors have worked with the state in counterinsurgency zones. The state is resurgent, and insurgencies have been eliminated or contained. 0000002957 00000 n WebSouth Asia as the most dangerous place on Earth because of the rivalry between the two nuclear powers India and Pakistan over a number of issues. The film industry is one of Indias most prominent cultural exports. It is a sea change. Socio-Economic Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic in South As the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russia, they have looked to their own past to forge, or reassert, post-Soviet national identities. In both scenarios, mental health and resiliency is compromised in the long term. -- Volume 21, Number 2, October 2006, Editorial Board The poverty rate among immigrant Asian minors those under the age of 18 was slightly higher, at 16%. -- Volume 29, Number 3, November 2014, Editorial Board From 2002 to 2006, there was a ceasefire before brief, ill-fated negotiations that collapsed back into pitched warfare. Bangladesh brought down cases of cholera and diarrheal disease by 95 percent between 2003 and 2013 by promoting good hygiene through handwashing public awareness campaigns and the construction of millions of toilets and latrines. In 2019, a group of South Asian Americans petitioned the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to cancel a planned award for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Like European countries, Indias states are drawn along ethnic and linguistic lines and have distinct cultures. Governments have established greater control of previously contested territories, deployed new technologies of surveillance, and, in some cases, fused party rule with state coercive power. Figure 5 shows trends in V-Dems Liberal Democracy index since 2000 (higher numbers indicate greater liberal democracy). 0000006311 00000 n And these challenges will likely become more severe as the regions population continues to balloon. ?\xx~,~P$ 0elqglOAAp0E` > dmslu%eg0$GM[M'LF jM As in the mountainous peripheries where the state waged counterinsurgency against the TTP, due process and rule of law have been troubled in the Karachi operations. Most anti-state revolts across the subcontinent have been crushed, demobilized, or contained. Traditional psychotherapy has been founded on normalized versions of western, middle-class families. %%EOF A chart showing the percentage of Kyrgyzstan's GDP that remittances make up. The figures show that in J&K and the Northeast, the late 1990s and early 2000s saw intense conflict. On average, people are living over twenty years longer compared to half a century ago. 0000003635 00000 n In general, state coercive capacity across the region has increased, with escalating security force budgets and manpower facilitated by both formal laws and informal practices that give substantial leeway to the state. Another Muslim-majority country, Bangladesh, has had two womenSheikh Hasina, daughter of the countrys first president, and her political opponent Khaleda Zia, wife of another presidentalternate in the prime ministership for most of the last three decades. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in The main reason is the general scarcity of two critical resources essential to the development and implementation of such policies: capital and technology. The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. Titles, abstracts, full-text screening, and extraction of data Donate to the Transnational Institute and Pakistans counterinsurgency successes have been accompanied by the militarys enduring political power and serious limits on rights. There is a fundamental difference between a context in which security forces are targeted (even with only rare success) and those in which no one is interested in attacking the state. {BViLNL7E/eEDaXJ|xPKLDeg bCbxiI5~|6QSkQl2*>UWJ:+LW##9\IMNj~R LkX ISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA - JSTOR The action you just performed triggered the security solution. The group has since splintered, with cadres retreating into Afghanistan, abandoning the fight, or lying low. Moreover, shifts in civilian power and civil-military coalitions are likely to occur in the future, with unpredictable results. However, the later phase of the pandemic has highlighted the crucial role migration can play in facilitating recovery. Two prominent causes of family conflict arise when South Asian adolescents and young adults wish to start dating or pursue a career that is discerned to be unacceptable by the parents. Afghanistan is not producing national accounts statistics since August 2021, so they are excluded from the table. In a number of cases, a self-sustaining, pro-state political order remains distant, and the security apparatus is instead needed to deter or contain resistance. But mental health is deeply stigmatized in many South Asian communities and symptoms are often trivialized. There are various currents of social movements, today, across the region, which have become strengthened and highly vocal over last three decades. endstream endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Most of the environmental issues in Southeast Asia are inextricably linked, and working to ameliorate one will often have added benefits for the others. Surrounding the Ocean: PRC Influence in the Indian Ocean, Africa Matters to the World Banks Global Role and Heres How, How Indonesia Used Chinese Industrial Investments to Turn Nickel into the New Gold, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, not created a self-sustaining pro-state political order, enduring political power and serious limits on rights, partial democracies marked by factionalism, https://www.mha.gov.in/documents/annual-reports, https://www.mha.gov.in/division_of_mha/north-east-division, https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa. Contemporary Issues in South Asia Nova Science Publishers -- Volume 35, Number 2, July 2020, Editorial Board Yet a peace process emerged that eventually led to the CPN-Ms demobilization and the Maoists incorporation into mainstream electoral politics. While the Pakistani military is currently riding high politically, its track record over time has included miscalculation and counterproductive policies (for instance, repressing unarmed political movements while tolerating Islamist armed groups that later grew out of control). ,MFYir`hJS(;e+\ /e*A:nXsv)GG`P`.AH &# #10 bE2?``8 cN#CA.&MeZ$i {``P,34@ 0} Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. Various countries of the South Asian region suffer from intense forms of exclusion in social terms and gaps at the infrastructural level. 0000007939 00000 n Children of South Asian immigrants may face challenges associated with the pressure of straddling two different worlds. The Depth of Taboo: Social Issues in South Asia )Ug}wz/vn_/7E|?|^P_PAy_ }D` ,Ut Note: (e)=estimate, (f)=forecast. 0000002159 00000 n In India and Sri Lanka, mob violence and vigilantism have occurred with the connivance or tacit neglect of leading political parties. WebUsing a cross-disciplinary approach, the author discusses evolving physical and cultural landscapes. Yet, in 2020, most of these conflicts are either finished or persist at much lower intensity. According to a 2021 survey, just 10% of Indian Americans identified as "South Asian American", with "Indian" and "Indian American" making up the lion's share at 67%. Third, even noninsurgent violence has the potential to spiral into broader conflict. -- Volume 27, Number 2, October 2012, Editorial Board This conflict, which experienced a resurgence in 2005, has not gone away and continues to be politically important. Third, forms of violenceespecially mobs and vigilantismare on the rise that are dangerous in their own right and that can prove difficult to control even by colluding state and political party forces. This is a hugely important shift. It is the most comprehensive book on the market about the geography of Asia. These gender inequalities continue into adulthood. Without the support from Moscow that had kept their economies afloat for decades, these countries soon lost as much as 50 percent of their GDPs. Third, the international environment has changed in the last fifteen years. Such non-state violence is often not waged against the state or political system, but instead is used as a bloody tool of social control and political maneuvering. 0000033513 00000 n WebThis paper attempts to explain the social and political issues confronting South Asia today. 167.172.145.158 India makes more than 1,500 movies a yearalmost triple the number Hollywood producesand the cultural significance of these films cannot be understated. -- Volume 31, Number 2, July 2016, Editorial Board The resulting squeeze on real income is severe, particularly for the regions poor who spend a large share of their income on food. In functional terms, India could be compared to the European Union. With 1.3 Billion People, India Is a Continent of Its Own. While the true number of conflict-related fatalities is difficult to ascertain, all indications suggest a sustained and quite dramatic drop in conflict-related fatalities in the Northeast. endstream endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj [/ICCBased 84 0 R] endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream [The population and economic problems of South Asia] - PubMed 63 30 PhD Candidate - Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Windsor. When young South Asian adults pursue a career that their family approves of instead of one that they find personally fulfilling, they might feel proud for maintaining family expectations. Social taboos run deep in every region, state, -- Volume 28, Number 2, July 2013, Editorial Board South Being a homeland of number of caste and ethnic groups, the ways and process of how the social movements interact with contentious politics (and vice-versa) have been still less theorized empirically in the Asian societies. Several factors have worked to reduce insurgent violence against the Indian state. The last two decades have seen both a dramatic decrease in insurgency-related violence and a noticeable growth in state coercive power. -- Volume 30, Number 1, March 2015, Editorial Board Now and Always,The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Now and Always, The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. 3 These data are drawn from MHA annual reports. ~DJ5$^iG(2A9Li!QsS}%4q)bL)|uH9oa^mMR'mrWPxxtIj%hR,KZeIv!ho;qJ`qkP2EjcS+q/&r2&1)+Eu _vw"@|-g:ne7*7 r;. People and Society - South & Central Asia | World101 Over time, it had both clashed and cooperated with both military and civilian governments. 2023 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. The Indian Army also has an important presence in J&K and the Northeast, contributing to a vast security footprint that can suppress insurgent violence. Empirical and theoretical research articles are published with a view to promoting and disseminating scholarship in and on the region. Finally, an insurgency grinds on in Balochistan, where a welter of Baloch rebels fights in an area of growing strategic and resource importance, including a Chinese presence linked to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). South Asian countries report the highest prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) globally. Research has repeatedly demonstrated that a fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, and as a result, lower psychological problems. How has this transformation occurred? To encourage culturally sensitive therapy, mental health professionals must actively make an effort in understanding their clients cultural background and belief system through continued education and consultation with colleagues from a similar cultural background. It rings true in south Asian countries where the society is rapidly changing with a complex set of State-society relationship. Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent Bollywoodthe word is a spin on Hollywood and what many people outside India think of as synonymous with the Indian Film industryis just the Hindi cinema industry based primarily in Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay). Suppressing violence is not necessarily the same as resolving conflict. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. Many studies have shown that South Asian immigrants in Canada, the United States and the Survey data from the report suggests that in late 2021 and early 2022, migration flows are associated with movement from areas hit hard by the pandemic to those that were not, thus helping equilibrate demand and supply of labor in the aftermath of the COVID-19 shock. (For context, Iowa has just over three million people.) First, important insurgencies still continue in the region, even if they are diminished in intensity, while ideologies, inequalities, and forms of resistance persist that can be mobilized against state power. Non-state armed groups can bolster rather than undermine state power. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. One way to do this is to ask mental health experts to host community workshops specifically for South Asian communities. -- Volume 37, Number 1, March 2022, Editorial Board Although reports of some degree of sanctuary in China and possible tacit support for rebels have grown in recent years, there has not been a return to the levels of the past. India has also improved cooperation with the military in Myanmar, aiming to limit cross-border movements. Moreover, migration of mostly young men has led to rising divorce rates in Central Asian countries, where its not uncommon for one parent to be abroad for most of the year. -- Volume 34, Number 2, July 2019, Editorial Board This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the pandemic slump. The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 created an economic crisis for Central Asias newly independent countries. ~o hc}0`SctnEKjkf|;5SLg0]{7{rRr^"z1asq1vp[WDG5)2?,=Ma;M),n^\e}H V

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