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The Germans had already had the successful experience of using an air bridge to resupply the 100,000-strong II Army Corps cut off near Demyansk at the beginning of the same year and successfully releasing it from its trap after several months of encirclement. [4], Despite Lieutenant-Colonel Niemeyer's frank and pessimistic area briefings, Schmidt severely underestimated the build-up and capabilities of Soviet forces at Stalingrad following the initial Axis successes, a failing that he unlike Paulus subsequently did not attempt to excuse. Certainly, in their time they assessed the political-military situation of Germany with perseverance and sobriety, developed principles and positions for the strategy and tactics of a general nature, which were valid for the special situation in which Germany would be in a state of war. He was a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union for twelve years, and was released following West German chancellor Konrad Adenauer's visit to Moscow in 1955. [33], Of all the senior German officers held at Zavarykino, Schmidt was the most disliked by the Soviets; on one occasion he apparently reduced a mess waitress to tears during lunch, for which a Soviet officer, Lieutenant Bogomolov, made him apologise. Battle of Stalingrad | History, Summary, Location, Deaths, & Facts [32] When their baggage was searched for sharp metal objects, Schmidt, referring to Paulus, snapped at the Soviet officers: "A German Field Marshal does not commit suicide with a pair of scissors. 139142; other examples are Allen and Muratoff's The Russian Campaigns of 19411943, published in 1944[5] and Peter Margaritis (2019). Rudolf Schmidt - Wikipedia Nach dem Krieg wurde er in die Reichswehr bernommen. The tanks opened up their devastating fire and the assault rifles of the Hitlerite infantry stuttered and rattled. Speaking about the surrender of Paulus, Hitler told his staff: In peacetime Germany, about 18,000 or 20,000 people a year chose to commit suicide, even without being in such a position. Several hours later, accompanied by several colonels and lieutenant-colonels, Maj-Gen Ivan Laskin, chief of staff of the 64th Army, came down to the basement. Facing Stalingrad Interview of Gerhard HindenlangMedia Sources and CreditsInterview of Gerhard HindenlangSenior copyright holder: Facing Stalingrad Project, . [29] The signal sent from Sixth Army HQ on the evening of 30 January, that stated that soldiers were "listening to the national anthem for the last time with arms raised in the German salute", was, according to Beevor, much more likely to have been written by Schmidt than by Paulus. Evacuating their HQ at Golubinsky amid a bonfire of burning files and stores, they flew to Nizhne-Chirskaya that same day, just missing Hitler's order that "Sixth Army stand firm in spite of danger of temporary encirclement." Aggressively ideological, his aggression would translate into a passive kind as he functioned as his chief's alter ego [] As late as mid-December, Paulus, even as illusions had all but vanished, would still not contradict Schmidt when he presented his tragically absurd hypotheses to visitors to the besieged and starving Sixth Army.[24]. They put the number of POW captured at Stalingrad at 100,000 of whom 6,000 survived. Did Gen. Arthur Schmidt get a fly-out pass at Stalingrad - Axis History It was the HQ commander. [5] Ignoring Hitler's 'Fhrer instruction' of 30 June 1942 that Axis formations should not liaise with their neighbours, Schmidt authorised an officer from Sixth Army, Lieutenant Gerhard Stck, to be issued with a radio and join up with Romanian forces to the north-west of Stalingrad to help with intelligence gathering. Click here to find out more. Calender - November 1942 - Stalingrad Armee, Hauptmann Winrich Behr, (In fact, he went on to appoint another seven field marshals during the last two years of the war.) Hitler expected it. Schmidt continued: 'At the same time I have to inform you that the Russians are at the door.' Schmidt and Paulus set up their HQ in the Kessel underneath the Univermag department store on the city's Red Square. He handed the colonel general a piece of paper and said: 'Congratulations. said Paulus after reading the dispatch. This website uses cookies. Its appalling pronounced Paulus somberly. On one of the final Luftwaffe flights out of Stalingrad, Paulus had sent his wedding ring to his wife. They need these forces for a big offensive against Army Group 'A' in the Caucasus and along the still-unstable front from Voronesh to the Black Sea. General Kurt Zeitzler, chief of the Army General Staff, was in a panic because hundreds of Soviet tanks had just smashed through the Romanian Third Army's lines northeast of Stalingrad, threatening communication and supply lines to the German Sixth Army. Newspaper clippings about Friedrich Paulus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Paulus&oldid=1149650806, This page was last edited on 13 April 2023, at 15:20. Schmidt joined the army as a one-year volunteer on 10 August 1914, attaining the rank of Leutnant on 8 May 1915. Following his release, Schmidt remained bitterly hostile to those German officers who had co-operated with the Soviets in the National Committee for a Free Germany. He was not able to walk anymore and was [11] Schmidt maintained that the army, which would adopt a "hedgehog" defence, must be resupplied, but that the situation was not yet so desperate as there were plenty of horses left that could serve as food. He remained there until 1955, when a visit to Moscow by West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer led to his release, together with the remaining high-ranking German prisoners.[35]. He was considered a promising officer; by the time World War II broke out he had been promoted to major general. Millions were killed, wounded, missing, or captured in what was perhaps the most brutal battle in modern history. Paulus said he had not surrendered and refused to order the remaining German forces to surrender. Mrz 1942 Chef des Stabes des V. Armeekorps der Wehrmacht. Nikolay Dyatlenko - Wikipedia At that point in time, the 6th Army in Stalingrad was cut into two groupings isolated from each other. Dr. Karl Uhrmacher and the 6. Paulus didnt greet us but he sat up. Paulus was promoted to lieutenant general in August 1940. Thus, another prominent and experienced German politician stressed that a final implementation of the EDC agreement would be dangerous for the German nation. The German soldiers - ragged, in thin greatcoats over threadbare uniforms, as thin as skeletons - presented emaciated figures exhausted half to death, with sunken, unshaved features. Even the best army is doomed to fail when it is required to perform impossible tasks, that is, when it is ordered to campaign against the national existence of other peoples.[23]. Manstein, Erich von; Powell, Anthony G. (2004). The time has come for the old enmity that we have inherited and the many disputes to be buried once and for all. In der Endphase der Schlacht bernahm er von Paulus weitgehend die Fhrung der Armee. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg hatte Schmidt mehrere Stabspositionen inne. [19] Beevor states that it is unclear what happened at the meeting, except that Paulus, who still believed in the chain of command, refused to break out without a clear order to do so from a superior, something that the politically deft Manstein refused to give.[19][20]. An ordinary lieutenant could not accept the capitulation of the German commander and, gradually, representatives of the senior and top-level Red Army command started arriving at the department store. The dispatch came early this morningit was the last one.'. Other historians, such as Mitcham, agree: As the situation in Stalingrad deteriorated, Paulus's self-confidence declined, and he allowed himself (and 6th Army) to be more and more guided by his chief of staff, until Arthur Schmidt was virtually conducting the battle for the German side. He remained there until 1955, when a visit to Moscow by West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer led to his release, together with the remaining high-ranking German prisoners.[35]. Doctor Generalstabarzt Dr. Otto Renoldi adviced Gaunt, pale and emaciated, the commander of the Wehrmachts 6th Army looked like a hunted animal to the Soviet military commanders. Museum Memory. Stalingrad Department Store - Univermag [13], The decision not to negotiate with the Soviet envoys who bore an ultimatum to Paulus on 8 and 9 January 1943, was, for example, made by Schmidt, not Paulus, as Colonel Wilhelm Adam told one of the envoys, Captain Nikolay Dyatlenko, during his post-battle interrogation. In der Endphase der Schlacht bernahm er von Paulus weitgehend die Fhrung der Armee. [23] When General Hans-Valentin Hube flew into the Kessel [the encircled pocket of Axis forces in Stalingrad] on the morning of 9 January with Hitler's message to stand firm, "this strengthened General Schmidt's intransigent position at Sixth Army's headquarters."[21]. Following his orders, Paulus prepared to break out of Stalingrad. Georgy Lipskerov//DF/russiainphoto.ru, 3 reasons why the Red Army won the Battle of Stalingrad, How the Germans tried to rescue their troops at Stalingrad (PHOTOS), What did Stalingrad look like before World War II? How German Field Marshal Paulus was taken prisoner The battle of Stalingrad, fought between Stalin's Red Army and Hitler's forces from 23 August 1942 to 2 February 1943, is considered one of the major confrontations of World War II. Interrogation of captured German officers led Soviet commanders to realise that, because of the toll of events on Paulus's nerves, Schmidt was the real commander of the defending forces. Marshal Paulus and his generals after capture at Stalingrad - YouTube the evening of 13 January 1943. In that role he helped draft the plans for the invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa. Worse than a tram! The last German success in Operation Winter Storm was reaching the Myshkova River 48 km from Stalingrad on December 19. He told the journalist to tell the wives and mothers that their husbands and sons were well. The negotiators were met by the commander of the Wehrmachts 71st Infantry Division, Maj-Gen Friedrich Roske, and the 6th Armys chief of staff, Gen. Arthur Schmidt. This website uses cookies. Behrs instructions were to ask Captured German generals before meeting with commander of the 64th Soviet Army general N. Shumilov. [8], Paulus and Schmidt realised that Sixth Army was encircled on 21 November. Lt-Gen Konstantin Rokossovsky (L) and Friedrich Paulus. [12] All the while, Paulus remained silent; the only time he spoke during the conference "was to agree with his chief of staff".[13].