what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Exploration of North America - HISTORY The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. Age of Discovery - Wikipedia Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. Spanish . Eventually they blocked access altogether. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. As early as 1341, Portuguese sailors had made. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. He also started a school The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. Bethel veterans weigh in on cost of living, health care and suicide JMSE | Free Full-Text | Can a 16th Century Shipwreck Be Considered a Although the Spanish had superior weapons, the strength of the Aztecs made the campaign long and grueling. Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century bce. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on empire-building. John H Elliott - Empires Of The Atlantic World.pdf The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. 1 What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. The 15th and 16th centuries have often been labeled the age of exploration, discovery, and expansion. However, the reality is far more complex. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. They also found a sea route to India. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Magellan's Circumnavigation of the Earth | Origins When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. spices, of Asia. Rather than leading to the discovery of gold and silver, however, the expedition simply left Coronado bankrupt. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. Treaty of Tordesillas - National Geographic Society The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. What were some effects of Spanish exploration of the Americas? The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? Why Did Europeans Want a New Route to Asia? - Reference.com The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. When Corts explored central Mexico, he encountered a region simmering with native conflict. [3] Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. Portugal protested that the line gave excessively to Spain. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. Many ideas and methods of expansion were flowed along over time. 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - OpenStax By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. This creation of a trading post empire tapped into the existing slave trade among Africans with the Portuguese fully participating and expanding the trade beyond African borders. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? It began with the Vikings' brief stint . How Portugal Kicked Off the Age of Exploration - HISTORY Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. The Age of Discovery & Exploration - Practice Test Questions & Chapter Lutheranism History, Facts & Beliefs | What is Lutheranism? This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. Payroll Services Expert with Portuguese or Spanish | Novartis Impact of the Age of Exploration - StudyMode Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. PDF The Age of Exploration - Urbandale Community School District When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. Early European Maritime Expeditions | The Geography of Transport Systems Spain brought the ecomienda system to the New World to build plantations for mining and farming, a system that categorically abused the Amerindian labor force without fair trades for their gold. Even though the empires of Mexico and Peru had already had thriving trade routes, superior technology and biological factors of new diseases to which the Amerindians had no resistance gave Europeans the advantage. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. SPANISH EXPLORATION.docx - Primary vs Secondary The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. The process where the Spanish and Portuguese Christians reclaim the Iberian Peninsula is called the Reconquista. Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. They also found a sea route to India. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. Open Document. Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. Columbus and the Spanish Explorations - CliffsNotes This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school This was especially true under the ecomienda system, whereby the Spanish built plantations for mining and farming and managed by Amerindian labor. There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences.

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