a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by

To test each students ability to perform, the instructor requires students to work independently throughout this phase and makes some comment about how each performed the skill relative to the way it was taught. As the student progresses through higher levels of performance and understanding, the instructor should shift the training focus to decision-based training objectives. The instructor begins by telling a story, showing a video clip, asking a question, or telling a joke. HOME; INTERIORS; EXTERIORS; OFFICE & PORTRAITS; PUBLICITY/EVENTS; CONSTRUCTION; INFO The traditional organization of a lesson plan is introduction, development, and conclusion, The introduction sets the stage for everything to come. Although some schools and independent instructors may develop their own syllabus, in practice, many instructors use a commercially developed syllabus that already has been selected by a school for use in their aviation training program. Students become more involved in their own learning, and instructors may no longer occupy a center-stage position in a typical classroom setting. Throughout the time the instructor prepares the students for their discussion, they should be made aware of the lesson objective(s). Effective Communication & Instructor Responsibilities - CFI Notebook True performance as a professional is based on study and. Lectures also may be used to introduce a unit of instruction or a complete training program. With advanced tracking features, CAL also can be used to test the students achievement, compare the results with past performance, and indicate the students weak or strong areas, For most aviation training, the computer should be thought of as a valuable instructional aidand entrusting an entire aviation training program to a computer is not practical. As an example, a single CD or DVD may contain all pertinent aviation regulations, plus the complete AIM. To ensure clarity and variety, the instructor should normally use sentences of short and medium length. The controller directed the pilot to two different nearby airports, but both were below minimums. They also tend to watch movies or TV in a passive way without attempting to absorb what they are seeing and hearing. For example, collaborative, student-led, instructor-led, or working group strategies are alternatives to a pure form of group learning. An instructor should also be patient and give students a chance to react. [Figure 4-11] Planning the guided discussion as well as learning how to ask the type of questions used in guided discussions are assets for any aviation instructor, In 1966, the McMaster University School of Medicine in Canada pioneered a new approach to teaching and curriculum design called problem-based learning (PBL). Through doing, students learn to follow correct procedures and to reach established standards. High-quality, commercially produced CDs and DVDs are available for almost every aviation training subject. Here are examples of responsibilities from real flight instructor resumes representing typical tasks they are likely to perform in their roles. Regardless of which is used, it should relate to the subject and establish a background for developing the learning outcomes. On the other hand, a student needs knowledge in order to build understanding of a subject, One last disadvantage of the lecture is that it does not foster attainment of certain types of learning outcome, such as motor skills, need to be perfected via hands-on practice. Instructional aids should also be reviewed to determine whether their use is feasible in the training environment and whether they are appropriate for the students. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by Audio or visual aids can be very useful in supporting a topic, and the combination of both audio and visual stimuli is particularly effective since the two most important senses are involved.Instructors should keep in mind that they are often salesmen of ideas, and many of the best sales techniques that attract the attention of potential clients are well worth considering. An effective aviation instructor uses the maneuver-based approach of the PTS but presents the objectives in a scenario situation, It has been found that flight students using SBT methods demonstrate stick-and-rudder skills equal to or better than students trained under the maneuver-based approach only. All refer to the same thing, the behavior of the student, These objectives provide a way of stating what performance level is desired of a student before the student is allowed to progress to the next stage of instruction. Pictures, drawings, and photographs are especially effective because they provide common visual imagery for both instructors and students. Although the lecture method is useful in providing information, it is not an effective method of learning large amounts of information in a short time. Each part is required and must be stated in a way that leaves every reader with the same picture of the objective, how it is performed, and to what level of performance. Symbols, graphs, and diagrams can also show relationships of location, size, time, frequency, and value. The pilot did not report any mechanical deficiencies with the airplane during the attempted approaches. The discussions reflect whatever level of knowledge and experience the students have gained, The goal of guided discussions is to draw out what the students know. Picturesque slang and free-and-easy colloquialisms, if they suit the subject, can add variety and vividness to a teaching lecture. Each student should be encouraged to accept responsibility for contributing to the discussion and benefiting from it. It can be made immediately after the discussion of each learning outcome to bring ideas together and help in transition, showing how the ideas developed by the group relate to and support the idea discussed. entry of bacteriophages and animal viruses into host cells. Effective instructors also display enthusiasm for their subject matter and express themselves clearly. The first of these phases is the students performance of the physical or mental skills that have been explained and demonstrated. Instructors will find the following suggestions helpful in planning a discussion lesson. flight instructor determines if an applicant can demonstrate the ability to meet English language requirements. The airlines, as well as aeronautical programs at some colleges and universities, have used similar facilities for many years, Another type of computer-based technology, virtual reality (VR), creates a sensory experience that allows a participant to believe and barely distinguish a virtual experience from a real one. This research has revealed that effective instructors come in many forms, but they generally possess four essential teaching skills: people skills, subject matter expertise, management skills, and assessment skills. HOTS should be taught throughout the curriculum from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract, Determine learning outcomes for the problem, Consider additional solutions through guided discovery, Reevaluate solution with additional options, Reflect on this solution and why it is the best solution, Consider what "best" means (is it situational), While there are many variations as to how a problem-based lesson might work, it usually involves an incentive or need to solve the problem, a decision on how to find a solution, a possible solution, an explanation for the reasons used to reach that solution, and then reflection on the solution. After the presentation, the instructor should allow time for questions and a summary of key points, Computer-generated slide shows have changed the way information is presented to todays student. The area of the picture or object is limited to approximately 10 inches by 10 inches, Items which may be projected are practically limitless. When relationships are presented visually, they often are much easier to understand. Someone who teaches is, of course, a teacher or, for the purposes of this handbook, an instructor. Since the material projected requires no special preparation, the cost is very low. Consequently, the objective normally is stated at the understanding level of learning. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. [Figure 4-4], The description of the skill or behavior explains the desired outcome of the instruction. It could be a private pilot certificate, an instrument rating, or an AMT certificate or rating. The effective instructor is able to interpret the meaning of these reactions and adjust the lesson accordingly. Research indicates that students completing cooperative learning group tasks tend to have higher test scores, higher self-esteem, improved social skills, and greater comprehension of the subjects they are studying. Those maneuvers requiring repetition may still be taught during concentrated settings. In addition, instructors should be available to summarize the presentation and answer any questions students may have regarding content, "Interactive" refers broadly to computer software that responds quickly to certain choices and commands by the user. The height of usable objects is limited to the space between the top of the lowered projection plate and the body of the projector, usually about two or three inches. The informal lecture includes active student participation. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. As mentioned earlier, possession of a high level of technical knowledge does not equate to the ability to teach it. They also should be meaningful to the student, lead to the desired behavioral or learning objectives, and provide appropriate reinforcement. They must also hold a current ATP or commercial certificate and earn a score of more than 70% on an FAA-administered flight instructor demonstrated knowledge test. Additional transparencies can be overlaid onto the original to show development or buildup of an event or display. The conclusion consists of the summary of the main points. The teaching process organizes the material an instructor wishes to teach in such a way that the learner understands what is being taught. The instructor then shares the NTSBs determination of probable cause: "The pilots inadequate decision to continue VFR flight into IMC conditions, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion" which can lead to further discussions of how to avoid this type of accident. Upon arrival at the airport the student makes decisions (with guidance and feedback as necessary) to safely enter and fly the traffic pattern, Before the end of the instructional period, the instructor should review what has been covered during the lesson and require the students to demonstrate how well the lesson objectives have been met. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by The instructors assessment may be informal and recorded only for the instructors own use in planning the next lesson for the students, or it may be formal. In most cases, the objective is listed along with sufficient conditions to describe the scope of the objective. For example, it is better to ask "Why does an aircraft normally require a longer takeoff run at Denver than at New Orleans?" Developing good problems that motivate, focus, and initiate student learning are an important component of PBL. Defining a "good instructor" has proven more elusive, but in The Essence of Good Teaching (1985), psychologist Stanford C. Ericksen wrote "good teachers select and organize worthwhile course material, lead students to encode and integrate this material in memorable form, ensure competence in the procedures and methods of a discipline, sustain intellectual curiosity, and promote how to learn independently", Much research has been devoted to trying to discover what makes a "good" or effective instructor. Understanding these distinctions helps the instructor become a more skilled user of questions, The instructor often uses a question to open up an area for discussion. Just as a student can reread a section in a text, a student can review portions of a CAL program until it is understood. By listening to their discussion and questions, he can pinpoint problem areas and explain them more fully during the review of the solved problem, People skills also include the ability to interact respectfully with students, pick up when students are not following along, motivate students to learn, and adapt to the needs of the student when necessary. An effective instructor understands what can be realistically achieved within the allotted time, makes the best use of the time available, allows enough time for what must be done, preserves contingency time to handle the unexpected, and minimizes stress by not planning too much for the allotted time, Management skills also come into play for the aviation instructor who is teaching a class of students. (1) Holds a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part; (2) Holds a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or (3) Is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university. Instructional aids are not selfsupporting; they support, supplement, or reinforce what is being taught. The instructor has better control of the situation, can change the approach to meet any contingency, and can tailor each idea to suit the responses of the students. By removing the NTSBs determination of probable cause, a flight instructor can use the description as a case study. A participant lacking SBT instruction must search his or her memory to link a maneuver to a situation, The incorporation of SBT as part of the lesson is discussed in more detail later in this chapter, as well as in Chapter 6, Planning Instructional Activity, Decision-based objectives are designed specifically to develop pilot judgment and ADM skills. The equipment necessary and the instructor and student actions anticipated during the lesson have also been specified. Although lecture and demonstration-performance may be the methods used most often, being aware of other methods and teaching tools such as guided discussion, cooperative learning, and computerassisted learning better prepares an instructor for a wide variety of teaching situations, Obviously, the aviation instructor is the key to effective teaching. This allows the student to make decisions that fit his or her experience level and result in positive outcomes. If the student wishes to repeat a section or a portion of the section, it can be done at any time merely by clicking on the appropriate icon, In teaching aviation students, CAL programs can be used by the instructor as another type of reference for students to study. It is well suited for the aircraft maintenance instructor who uses it in the shop to teach welding, and the flight instructor who uses it in teaching piloting skills, Every instructor should recognize the importance of student performance in the learning process. This permits effective sorting or categorizing chunks of information in the working or short-term memory. Computer-based training also can be designed so the progress of the student can be tracked and documented. Instead, instructors become supportive facilitators. In the teaching lecture, the instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the classfacial expressions, manner of taking notes, and apparent interest or disinterest in the lesson. The instructor provides the problem to the student, offering only limited assistance as the student solves it, but participating in finding solutions. When practical, they should encourage student participation. Applicants must be able to read the examination questions in either English or French without assistance. In many cases, this type of supplemental training media may be reproduced in a format for projection on a screen or other clear surface, Charts, diagrams, and graphs include any printed material which gives information in tabular form. As stimuli are received, the individuals sensory register works to sort out the important bits of information from the routine or less significant bits. The guided discussion has three main parts: introduction, discussion, and conclusion. The terrain is flat farmland with no published obstacles, What will he do now? This critique helps the instructor judge the adequacy of supporting materials and visual aids, as well as the presentation. The established criteria or standards to determine whether the training has been adequate are the passing of knowledge and practical tests required by 14 CFR for the issuance of pilot certificates. The extemporaneous presentation reflects the instructors personal enthusiasm and is more flexible than other methods. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by 14 CFR 61.183 - LII / Legal Information Institute To teach the cognitive skills needed in making decisions and judgments effectively, an instructor should incorporate analysis, synthesis, and evaluation into lessons using PBL. For example, the presentation is not designed to replace the instructor. The instructor's role is to instill and eventually evaluate the comprehension and ability of the pilot in pursuit of a certification, rating, or license. The tendency toward unnecessarily distracting artwork also should be avoided, Instructional aids should appeal to the student and be based on sound principles of instructional design. Major advantages of CAL are that students can progress at a rate which is comfortable for them and are often able to access the CAL at their own convenience, Another benefit of CAL is the test prep study guides, useful for preparation for the FAA knowledge tests.

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