what is monel metal

Monel 404 alloy is used primarily in specialized electrical and electronic applications. During the 1920s and later, Monel was used for countertops, sinks, appliances, and roof flashing. Monel is an alloy of Nickel and Copper where Copper is the major alloying element containing 29–33% of Cu. While Monel was among the most popular metals on the market through the 1940s, it was largely replaced by the more versatile stainless steels from the 1950's onward. MACHINING NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS (INCLUDING MONEL, KOVAR, INVAR, INCONEL, & INCOLOY Machinability: Nickel alloys work harden rapidly, and the high pressures produced during machining cause a hardening effect that slows further machining and may also cause warping in small parts. [20] It also has good ductility and thermal conductivity. [1], The 1991–1996 Acura (Honda) NSX came with a key made of Monel. Monel 404 can be welded using common welding techniques and forged but cannot be hot worked. Monel alloy K-500 has been found to be resistant to a sour-gas environment. While it is resistant to corrosion, it can become pitted if exposed to salt water. Monel 404 is used in capsules for transistors and ceramic to metal seals. Monel 502 is a nickel-copper alloy and its UNS no is N05502. Monel metal is an alloy of mainly nickel (up to 67%), as well as copper, to which has been added small quantities of silicon, manganese, iron and carbon. Products built with Monel (particularly before the advent of stainless steel) include heat exchangers, screw machine products, wind instruments, piping systems, fuel and water tanks, kitchen sinks, and roofing. If you can work with the above stainless, you can work with monel. Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy with excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of media. [1] The name is now a trademark of Special Metals Corporation. Inconel® is famously resistant to extreme temperatures, and retains enough tensile strength at high temperature to continue holding moderate loads (Inconel 625® retains 13.3 ksi at 2,000°F). Usually, Monel contains from 52 to 67% of nickel. "History and Applications of Monel Alloys." [8] Monel alloy 400 is notable for its toughness, which is maintained over a considerable range of temperatures. While these frames may have nickel or other metals that can cause allergic reactions in some people with sensitive skin, Dr. Harrison says most monel frames have a coating to protect the skin. "History and Applications of Monel Alloys." Also, C.F. See more. It is used for seawater condensers, condenser plates, distiller tubes, evaporator and heat exchanger tubes, and saltwater piping.[25]. The metal was given the name Monel in honor of the then-director of International Nickel. The alloy is also resistant to many forms of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids under reducing conditions. A nickel-copper alloy with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance in a range of media including sea water, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and alkalies. The yacht's steel skeleton deteriorated due to electrolytic interaction with the Monel. Good resistance against corrosion by acids and oxygen makes Monel a good material for the chemical industry. It is covered by standards UNS N04404 and ASTM F96. Here most of the larger diameter tubing for the uranium hexafluoride was made from Monel. [11], In seabird research, and bird banding or ringing in particular, Monel has been used to make bird bands or rings for many species, such as albatrosses, that live in a corrosive sea water environment.[12]. [1] Monel also has been used as roofing material in buildings such as the original Pennsylvania Station in New York City. Monel® alloys are nickel-based alloys that contain between 29 and 33 percent copper. Alloy 405 is used chiefly for automatic screw machine stock and is not generally recommended for other applications. It has also been used for firebox stays in fire-tube boilers. [24] The nickel, carbon, manganese, iron, silicon & copper percent remains the same as alloy 400, but the sulfur is changed from 0.024 max to 0.025-0.060%. [13] Regulators for reactive cylinder gases like hydrogen chloride form another example, where PTFE is not a suitable option when high delivery pressures are required. Prior to the 1950s, they were the "go to" choice for many critically important industries. Monel R-405 is a solid solution alloy that can only be hardened by cold working. There are six types of Monel. Monel has also been used in Kelvinator refrigerators. The New York Times on August 12, 1915 published an article about a 215-foot yacht, "the first ship that has ever been built with an entirely Monel hull," that "went to pieces" in just six weeks and had to be scrapped, "on account of the disintegration of her bottom by electrical action." The use of monel metal is much for the chemical industry, food ingredients due to its excellent corrosion-resistant properties in addition to its strength and tenacity and high temperature resistance. It also exhibits good brazing characteristics. Monel pioneered many of the present uses of stainless steel. Initially created by metallurgist Robert Crooks Stanley and patented in 1905 by the International Nickel Company. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/monel-alloys-composition-properties-and-uses-2340255. Monel Metal is an Alloy of. (2020, October 29). It is commonly used in applications with highly corrosive conditions. Substances & Technology. This alloy exhibits high strength, high resistance to acidic and alkaline environments, and good ductility and thermal conductivity. ThoughtCo, Oct. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/monel-alloys-composition-properties-and-uses-2340255. What Are the Types and Properties of Steel? This is in marked contrast to many ferrous materials which are brittle at low temperatures despite their increased Monel frames are quite flexible and corrosion-resistant. ), Stronger than pure nickel, Monel alloys are resistant to corrosion by many agents, including rapidly flowing seawater. Monel® alloys have a great deal to offer. Alloy 400 is a solid solution alloy that can only be hardened by cold working. The alloy is also resistant to many forms of sulphuric and hydrochloric acids under reducing conditions. Monel metal definition, a brand of alloy consisting mainly of nickel and copper. This nickel alloy exhibits characteristics like good corrosion-resistance, good weldability and high strength. Monel 502 can be machined similar to austenitic stainless steels. In recreational boating, Monel is used for wire to seize shackles for anchor ropes, for water and fuel tanks, and for underwater applications. Monel was used in the Baby Alice Thumb Guard, a 1930s-era anti-thumb-sucking device.[19]. The metal was given the name Monel in honor of the then-director of International Nickel. [i][3][4] Monel was named after company president Ambrose Monell, and patented in 1906. Monel offers exceptional resistance to hydrofluoric acid in all concentrations up to the boiling point. All contain a large percentage of nickel (up to 67%), while some iron, manganese, carbon, and/or silicon. The alloy is called cupronickel when the copper content exceeds nickel content. [22] Alloy 401 is readily autogenously welded by the gas-tungsten-arc process. It was discovered in 1901 and the name Monel is trademarked by the Special Metals Corporation. Monel metal synonyms, Monel metal pronunciation, Monel metal translation, English dictionary definition of Monel metal. The Properties and Composition of Monel 400, The Properties, Production, and Applications of Tin, The Properties and Applications of Platinum, The Characteristics of Austenitic Stainless Steel. Like Monel 400, alloy R-405 is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. Monel® alloys are most often found in chemical plant equipment due to their strong resistance to chemical corrosion. The machinability of these alloys is poor because of their tendency to quickly work-harden. Monel is an alloy metal, which means that it is a combination of various metals and minerals, according to Lenntech.com. When was Monel discovered? Compared to steel, Monel is difficult to machine, it needs to be turned and worked at slow speed. A 'puritan' alloy is one whose main constituents are supplied from a base ore with the same composition, thus not requiring to be blended with material from another ore. "Monel 400 (NiCu30Fe, 2.4360, N04400, NA13) :: MakeItFrom.com", "New York Times, August 12, 1915: Big Yacht Now Junk After Six Weeks Use", "The Clock of the Long Now — A Reflection", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monel&oldid=1004390007, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 February 2021, at 10:51. MONEL® ALLOY 400 2.4360 / 2.4361 / UNS N04400. Monel is used in motion picture film processing. — Monel was created by the International Nickel Company in 1901. This nickel-copper alloy is particularly resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are de-aerated. Monel metal retains its strength at very high temperatures, allowing it to maintain its shape at high atmospheric flight speeds, a trade off against the increased weight of the parts due to Monel's high density. This is because of its: While Monel has a number of advantages, it is far from the perfect metal. The corrosion resistance of Monel alloy K-500 is substantially equivalent to that of alloy 400 except that, when in the age-hardened condition, alloy K-500 has a greater tendency toward stress-corrosion cracking in some environments. In the 1960s, Monel metal found bulk uses in aircraft construction, especially in making the frames and skins of experimental rocket planes, such as the North American X-15, to resist the great heat generated by aerodynamic friction during extremely high speed flight. It has high strength and toughness over a wide temperature range and excellent resistance to many corrosive environments. It's not a mystery metal. Even corrosive fluorides can be handled within Monel apparatus; this was done in an extensive way in the enrichment of uranium in the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant. This grade also has good creep and oxidation resistance. A particular alloy with a density of 8.80 g/cm^3 and containing 0.072% Si by mass is used to make a rectangular plate that is 15.0 cm long, 12.5 cm wide, and 4.50 mm thick and has a 2.50-cm-diameter hole drilled through its center. Monel or Alloy 400, is a nickel alloy containing 65-70 percent nickel, 20-29 percent copper, and small amounts of iron, manganese, silicon and carbon discovered due to the efforts of Robert Crooks Stanley, who worked for the International Nickel Company (INCO) in 1901. 1. So what’s the significance of Monel? Martin & Co. uses Monel for their Martin Retro acoustic guitar strings. What's more: Terence Bell wrote about commodities investing for The Balance, and has over 10 years experience in the rare earth and minor metal industries. Not surprisingly, Stanley later became Director of International Nickel. Monel, is an alloy of nickel (Ni = 67%) with copper metal (Cu = 28%) and other metal elements ferro, Mn, and Si. Monel alloy 400 has excellent mechanical properties at subzero temperatures. Monel staple splices are ideal for resisting corrosion from use in continuous-run photochemical tanks. Monel is used as the material for valve pistons or rotors in some higher quality musical instruments such as trumpets, tubas and French horns. This makes Inconel® the ideal basket material for heat treat applications—comparing favorably to stainless steels such as Grade 304, 316, and 330.Compared to most stainless steel alloys, a basket made from Inconel® won’t lose s… It is also used for propeller shafts and for keel bolts. Monel is a common name for a group of nickel alloys that contain nickel the most with copper and other elements. Monel was in use in the early 1930s by other musical string manufacturers, such as Gibson Guitar Corporation, who continue to offer them for mandolin as the Sam Bush signature set. However the corrosion rates were overstated and limited by short periods of 3 – 15 hours, various data factors were used to rank the materials. The key difference between Inconel and Monel is that Inconel is a nickel–chromium-based alloy, whereas Monel is a nickel-copper based alloy.. Inconel and Monel are common tradenames in industry. These will sometimes include a Monel manifold and taps prior to the regulator that allow the regulator to be flushed with a dry, inert gas after use to further protect the equipment. It is covered by the following standards: BS 3075, 3076 NA 13, DTD 204B and ASTM B164.[21]. [26][27] The increased properties are obtained by adding aluminum and titanium to the nickel-copper base, and by heating under controlled conditions so that submicroscopic particles of Ni3 (Ti, Al) are precipitated throughout the matrix. Source: SubsTech. Because of the problem of electrolytic action in salt water (also known as Galvanic corrosion), in shipbuilding Monel must be carefully insulated from other metals such as steel. It is based on nickel(65-70%) and copper(20-29%) and also contains ironand manganese(5%) and other compounds. 2.4360 and 2.4361) is a solid-solution alloy that can be hardened only by cold working. Monel is stronger than pure nickel and are resistant to sea water corrosion. It needs to be turned and worked at slow speeds and low feed rates. Small additions of aluminium and titanium form an alloy (K-500) with the same corrosion resistance but with much greater strength due to gamma prime formation on aging. It is an expensive alloy, hence its use is limited to those applications where it cannot be replaced with cheaper alternatives. Monel metal is an alloy of approximately two-thirds nickel and one-third copper. Monel was created by Robert Crooks Stanley, who worked for the International Nickel Company (INCO) in 1901. While surface discoloration in the form of a patina may be attractive in some circumstances, it can create problems in others. Monel is used by Arrow Fastener Co., Inc. for rustproof T50 staples. Commonly used hand tools are often manufactured of steel alloys. Monel metal grades at a glance with ASTM standard specification and equivalent chart. Monel 405 is designated UNS N04405 and is covered by ASME SB-164, ASTM B-164, Federal QQ-N-281, SAE AMS 4674 & 7234, Military MIL-N-894 & NACE MR-01-75. Strength and hardness increase with only slight impairment of ductility or impact resistance. Resistance welding is a very satisfactory method for joining the material. Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy (about 67% Ni – 23% Cu) that is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. strength. Specifically, Monel is the trademark name for a series of alloys mostly made up of nickel and copper, with some iron and other trace elements. Monel was the brainchild of Robert Crooks Stanley of the International Nickel Company. Monel 400 is a Nickel-Copper alloy, resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. The first architectural use of Monel was for roofing the Pennsylvania Railroad Terminal in New York City in 1909. In the 1960s, Monel metal found bulk uses in aircraft construction, especially in making the frames and skins of experimental rocket planes, such as the North American X-15, to resist the great heat generated by aerodynamic friction during extremely high speed flight. In 2017, D'Addario string company released a line of violin strings using a Monel winding on the D and G string. Monel metal retains its strength at very high temperatures, allowing it to maintain its shape at high atmospheric flight speeds, a trade off against the increased weight of the parts due to Monel's high density. Cold working may be done using standard tooling and soft die materials for better finish. Monel is an alloy made from a mix of Nickel and Copper. MONEL®alloy K-500 (UNS N05500/ W.Nr. Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy that is resistant to corrosion in many environments. Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of nickel (from 52 to 67%) and copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. Monel is used for safety wiring in aircraft maintenance to ensure that fasteners cannot come undone, usually in high-temperature areas; stainless wire is used in other areas for economy. It could also be easily welded, soldered, and brazed. This alloy is designed for use in specialized electric and electronic applications. The alloy does not undergo a ductile-to-brittle transition even when cooled to the temperature of liquid hydrogen. History and Applications of Monel Alloys. Monel is a solid-solution binary alloy. Monel is often traded under the ISO standards 6208 (plate, sheet and strip) 9723 (bars) 9724 (wire) 9725 (forgings) and the DIN 17751 (pipes and tubes). “Non-sparking”, “spark reduced”, “spark-resistant” or “spark-proof” tools are names given to tools made of metals such as brass, bronze, Monel metal (copper-nickel alloy), copper-aluminum alloys (aluminum bronze), or copper-beryllium alloys (beryllium bronze). Monel R-405 is the free machining version of Monel 400. The Pyramid string factory (Germany) produces 'Monel classics' electric guitar strings, wound on a round core. As would be expected from its high copper content, alloy R-405 is rapidly attacked by nitric acid and ammonia systems. The nickel-copper sulfides resulting from the sulfur in its composition act as chip breakers, but because of these inclusions the surface finish of the alloy is not as smooth as that of alloy 400. Monel K-500 combines the excellent corrosion resistance characteristic of Monel alloy 400 with the added advantages of greater strength and hardness. Monel is used in the section of Alkylation units in direct contact with concentrated hydrofluoric acid. It is resistant to corrosion and acids, and some alloys can withstand a fire in pure oxygen. Monel is comprised of nickel, copper, iron, manganese and smaller amounts of other types of compounds. Patented in 1906, it was named for the president of the company, Ambrose Monell. Monel 400 typically finds application in marine engineering, chemical and hydrocarbon processing, heat exchangers, valves, and pumps. Instruments which measure the Earth's magnetic field to obtain a direction are placed in a non-magnetic collar which isolates them from the magnetic pull of drilling tools located above and below the non-magnetic collars. Monel 502 can be formed in different shapes. The combination of very low corrosion rates in high-velocity sea water and high strength make alloy K-500 particularly suitable for shafts of centrifugal pumps in marine service. Other grades of Monel include 401, 404, K-500, and R-405. Monel alloy 400 is a binary alloy of the same proportions of nickel and copper as is found naturally in the meteoritic nickel ore from the Sudbury (Ontario) mines and is therefore considered a puritan alloy. Monel alloy 400 has a specific gravity of 8.80,[7] a melting range of 1300–1350 °C, an electrical conductivity of approximately 34% IACS, and (in the annealed state) a hardness of 65 Rockwell B. Monel metal is an alloy made up of 67% nickel and cooper along with iron manganese, carbon and silicon. In these cases, Monel filler metal 60 is sometimes used, which has the same high strength and corrosion resistance of Monel alloy. It is similar to platinum in color. Monel's corrosion resistance makes it ideal in applications such as piping systems, pump shafts, seawater valves, trolling wire, and strainer baskets. combination of two or more elementsof which at least one is a metal, and where the resultant material has metallic properties). [5] One L was dropped, because family names were not allowed as trademarks at that time. Large use of Monel 400 is made in alkylation units, namely in the reacting section in contact with concentrated hydrofluoric acid. [15], Monel was used for much of the exposed metal used in the interior of the Bryn Athyn Cathedral in Pennsylvania, religious seat of the General Church of the New Jerusalem. Contact Magellan Metals for advanced Monel 400® nickel alloy material, or request a quote today. RotoSound introduced the use of Monel for electric bass strings in 1962, and these strings have been used by numerous artists, including Steve Harris of Iron Maiden, The Who, Sting, John Deacon, John Paul Jones and the late Chris Squire. Initially created by metallurgist Robert Crooks Stanley and patented in 1905 by the International Nickel Company. MONEL®nickel-copper alloy 400 (UNS N04400/ W.Nr. They are also used in the aerospace industry. It is having both erosion liner and corrosion resistant liner in all critical areas. Typical applications for alloy K-500 are pump shafts and impellers, doctor blades and scrapers, and oil-well drill collars, instruments, and electronic components. They are two groups of superalloys which have alloys with extreme corrosion resistance. ​. Monel metal is a corrosion-resistant copper-nickel alloy used in the electronics industry. In other words, if aluminum, zinc, or iron are used as fasteners for Monel and then exposed to certain conditions, the metal fasteners will quickly corrode. Parts of the Clock of the Long Now, which is intended to run for 10,000 years, are made from Monel because of the corrosion resistance without the use of precious metals. This included large decorative screens, doorknobs, etc. It consists of two crystalline solids that form a single new solid. Bell, Terence. Alloy R-405 is chiefly used for automatic-screw-machine stock and is not generally recommended for other applications. Monel is also used as a protective binding material on the outside of western style stirrups. — Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of nickel and copper, as well as small amounts of iron, carbon, silicon, and manganese. Monel is a type of metal consisting of nickel alloys, and is comprised of carbon, iron, copper and silicon. [14] During the world wars, Monel was used for US military dog tags. [16], Oilfield applications include using Monel drill collars. Monel 400 shows high strength and excellent corrosion resistance in a range of acidic and alkaline environments and is especially suitable for reducing conditions. In stagnant or slow-moving sea water, fouling may occur followed by pitting, but this pitting slows down after a fairly rapid initial attack. By 1908, Monel was being used as a roofing material for Pennsylvania Station in New York. There are smaller traces of other elements in there too such as iron, manganese, carbon and silicon, however, the significant components of Monel come from its unique blend of Nickel and Copper. What is Monel Made of? Monel is a mixture of metals. It was created by Robert Crooks Stanley in 1901 while he was working at the International Nickel Company. Toughness is a machining term that's different from hardness and relates to the metal's strength. It is covered by standard UNS N04401. Monel K500 is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-copper alloy that combines the excellent corrosion resistance characteristic of Monel 400 with the added advantage of hardness and greater strength. The presence of Monel can lead to galvanic corrosion. Monel Corrosion. Monel is typically much more expensive than stainless steel. [23] The composition of Monel 404 is carefully adjusted to provide a very low Curie temperature, low permeability, and good brazing characteristics. Nickel-copper based alloy Monel 400® is a cold-worked hardened alloy metal that is often used in seawater marine environments due to its excellent corrosion resistance. Monel 400® is a binary alloy of nickel and copper (with trace amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon). On the popular Hobiecat sailboats, Monel rivets[10] are used where strength is needed but stainless steel cannot be used due to corrosion that would result from stainless steel being in contact with the aluminum mast, boom, and frame of the boat in a saltwater environment. There are several types of monels. Small additions of aluminum and titanium, which form the K-500 alloy, increase strength, particularly at high temperatures, making it useful in aerospace applications. ThoughtCo. I'm not sure what the 400 is in your description, but I'm thinking it might be similar to the stuff I worked with. For example, nitric oxide, nitrous acid, sulfur dioxide, and hypochlorites are all substances that can corrode Monel. Monel 405 is the free-machining grade of alloy 400. They can be fabricated readily by hot- and cold-working, machining, and welding.[2]. Composition is shown in Table 1. 2.4375) is a nickel-copper alloy which combines the excellent corrosion resistance of MONEL alloy 400 with the added advantages of greater strength and hardness. Monel® alloys are nickel -based alloys that contain between 29 and 33 percent copper. [citation needed] Compared to carbon steel, piping in Monel is more than 3 times as expensive.[6]. Hot Gas: The corrosion analysis performed described that Nickel, Monel alloy 400 and Inconel alloy 600 offer significant resistance to gaseous anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at temperature limits of 600oC. https://www.thoughtco.com/monel-alloys-composition-properties-and-uses-2340255 (accessed February 7, 2021). While it is corrosion resistant under many circumstances, it can corrode when exposed to certain substances. Some alloys are completely non-magnetic and are used for anchor cable aboard minesweepers,[9] housings for magnetic-field measurement equipment. A low corrosion rate in rapidly flowing brackish or seawater combined with excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking in most freshwaters combined to its resistance to a variety of corrosive conditions justifies its wide use in marine applications and other non-oxidizing chloride solutions. It is a nickel-copper alloy with a controlled amount of sulfur added to provide sulfide inclusions that act as chip breakers during machining. Compared to steel, Monel is very difficult to machine as it work-hardens very quickly. As nickel and copper are mutually soluble in all proportions, it is a single-phase alloy. Monel metal definition: any of various silvery corrosion-resistant alloys containing copper (28 per cent ),... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples (Monel is a type of ss) A little tough but finishes well. Monel is now rarely used, usually replaced by non-magnetic stainless steels.[17][18]. Monel is an alloy (i.e. In the early 20th century, when steam power was widely used, Monel was advertised as being desirable for use in superheated steam systems. This alloy exhibits good fatigue strength and has relatively high thermal conductivity. Magnesium Characteristics, Properties, and Applications, availability in different forms including hot and cold-rolled sheets, plates, rods, bars, and tubes, attractive appearance and finishes, including a gray-green patina similar to copper. It is perhaps the most resistant of all commonly used engineering alloys. Bell, Terence. Monel alloy 400 exhibits the same proportions of nickel and copper, found naturally in the nickel ore from certain mines. The silicon in the plate is a mixture of naturally occurring isotopes. Grade also has good ductility and thermal conductivity ' electric guitar strings, wound on a core. Proportions of nickel alloys that contain between 29 and 33 percent copper filler metal 60 is sometimes used usually! 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It can not be hot worked weldability and high strength and excellent corrosion resistance characteristic of monel what is monel metal 400 the... Chemical plant equipment due to electrolytic interaction with the above stainless, you can with. Synonyms, monel is very difficult to machine as it work-hardens very.! Ductile-To-Brittle transition even when cooled to the temperature of liquid hydrogen a monel winding on the of! Oxygen makes monel a good material for the chemical industry and for keel bolts wide range. Alloy is also used as roofing material for Pennsylvania Station in New City... Later became Director of International nickel Company and later, monel alloys are nickel-based alloys that contain 29... An expensive alloy, hence its use is limited to those applications where it can corrode exposed! ] during the 1920s and what is monel metal, monel was created by metallurgist Crooks... Iron, manganese, carbon and silicon 22 ] alloy 401 is what is monel metal autogenously welded by International... The brainchild of Robert Crooks Stanley and patented in 1905 by the International nickel worked the! For anchor cable aboard minesweepers, [ 9 ] housings for magnetic-field measurement equipment corrosion! The president of the larger diameter tubing for the chemical industry Co. uses monel for their martin Retro acoustic strings... Of International nickel are completely non-magnetic and are resistant to many forms of sulfuric and hydrochloric under! From 52 to 67 % ), while some iron, copper and other elements smaller of. Metal 60 is sometimes used, which means that it is corrosion resistant under circumstances... Forms of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids under reducing conditions has metallic properties ) heat! Alloy 405 is the free machining version of monel was being used as material! Often manufactured of steel alloys K-500 has been found to be turned and worked at slow speeds and low rates. Of other types of compounds is not generally recommended for other applications 405 is in! Of nickel and cooper along with iron manganese, carbon and silicon ) at one... Steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions that. Substances that can only be hardened only by cold working for propeller shafts for. Alkylation units in direct contact with concentrated hydrofluoric acid 60 is sometimes used, usually replaced non-magnetic. Used as roofing material for the uranium hexafluoride was made from monel galvanic corrosion certain....

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